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The First Fleet Re-enactment Voyage (also known as the Second First Fleet) was a project to assemble a fleet of tall ships to sail from England to Australia in a re-enactment of the First Fleet that colonised Australia in 1788. The re-enactment was first conceived in 1977 and organised to commemorate Australia's bicentenary of colonisation. Despite opposition and minimal funding from the Australian government, the project attracted the support of high-profile adventurers Thor Heyerdahl, Alan Villiers, and Sir Edmund Hillary, as well as former Australian political figures and the British Royal Family. Several corporations offered to sponsor the fleet as a whole or individual ships, and additional money was raised by selling "training crew" berths for the various legs of the voyage. Seven ships—''Søren Larsen'', ''R. Tucker Thompson'', ''Anna Kristina'', ''Amorina'', ''Tradewind'', ''Our Svanen'', and ''Bounty''—sailed from Portsmouth in May 1787, following a fleet review by Queen Elizabeth II. Attempting to follow the route of the original First Fleet, the ships sailed for Australia via Tenerife, Rio de Janeiro, Cape Town, and Mauritius. The initial funding ran out when the ships reached Rio de Janeiro, and the captains planned to call off the voyage until a radiothon on Australia's Macquarie Radio Network raised $A900,000 and further corporate sponsorships were secured. The seven ships were joined by ''One and All'' off Rio de Janeiro. While crossing the Atlantic to Cape Town, ''Anna Kristina''s first mate was lost overboard. The fleet arrived at Fremantle in early December, where ''Eye of the Wind'' was added to the fleet before they crossed southern Australia. The fleet arrived in Sydney Harbour on Australia Day (26 January) 1988. Despite being recognised as the "Best Event" of the bicentenary, the project made a loss financially. ==Background== In 1787, a fleet of eleven small sailing ships departed from England, carrying convicts, marines, and sailors.〔Clarke & Iggulden, ''Sailing Home'', p. v〕 The ships were heading for New South Wales, the territory claimed by James Cook during his first voyage of discovery in 1770, when he located and charted the eastern coast of New Holland (now Australia).〔 The loss of the American penal colonies following the War of American Independence (and the resulting pressure it put on the British gaol system) combined with the need to secure this new territory against potential Dutch or French claims.〔 The founding of a penal colony in New South Wales was approved by Prime Minister William Pitt, with Captain Arthur Phillip selected as the colonisation fleet's commander and the new colony's first Governor.〔 Eleven ships were acquired to be part of this voyage: the convict transports ''Alexander'', ''Charlotte'', ''Friendship'', ''Lady Penrhyn'', ''Prince of Wales'', and ''Scarborough''; the storeships ''Golden Grove'', ''Fishburn'', and ''Borrowdale''; and the naval vessels and .〔 The fleet sailed from Portsmouth on 17 May 1787, and called at Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Rio de Janeiro, and Cape Town before using the Roaring Forties to cross the southern Indian Ocean and round Van Diemen's Land.〔 The fleet arrived in Botany Bay, then relocated to the more suitable Port Jackson, where the colony was founded on 26 January 1788.〔〔King, ''Australia's First Fleet'', p. 79〕 The First Fleet is considered remarkable because it was the longest migratory voyage ever attempted, with all eleven ships reaching their destination within three days of each other, while only 48 of the 1,350 embarked died during the nine-month voyage.〔 To commemorate the 1988 Australian Bicentenary, Jonathan King (descendent of Lieutenant Philip King, Arthur Phillip's aide-de-camp) proposed in 1977 that a re-enactment voyage made up of square-rigged sailing vessels similar to those used by the First Fleet be made.〔Clarke & Iggulden, ''Sailing Home'', p. vi〕 The project was met with opposition from Australian individuals and organisations.〔 There was concern that by emphasising the British colonisation of Australia, the re-enactment voyage would negatively remind people of the nations' convict origins.〔 Offending the Australian Aborigines, whose land was stolen from them by the colonisation, was also a concern.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「First Fleet Re-enactment Voyage」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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